Source Credits

From “Introduction” 

• “365 Days.” Kirkus Review. September 13, 1971. 
• Abrams, Martin. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 8^th edition. Thompson Wadworth, 2000. 
• Bavishi, Avni, Martin Slade and Becca Levy. “A Chapter a Day – Association of Book Reading with Longevity.” Social Science & Medicine 164: 44-48. September 2016. 
• Beauchamp, Zack. “9 Maps and Charts that Explain the Refugee Crisis.” Vox. January 30, 2017. 
• Cox, Alisa, ed. Teaching the Short Story. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 
• Davis, Cynthia and Kathryn West. Women Writers in the United States: A Timeline of Literary, Cultural, and Social History. Oxford University Press, 1996.  
• Denby, David. “Do Teens Read Seriously Anymore?” The New Yorker. February 23, 2016. 
• Filkins, Dexter. “The Long Road Home.” The New York Times. March 6, 2014. 
• Horace. “Ars Poetica.” Poetry Foundation. October 13, 2009. 
• Marcus, Ben, ed. New American Stories. Vintage Contemporaries, 2015. 
• May, Charles. “Why Short Stories are Essential and Why They Are Seldom Read.” Researchgate. January 2004. 
• Morgan, Adam. “In ‘Severance,’ Ling Ma Destroys New York City.” Chicago Review of Books. August 14, 2018. 
• Nagel, James. The American Short Story Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
• Ng, Celeste. “The WSJ's Interview with Cormac McCarthy.” Fiction Writers Review. December 13, 2009.  
• Patea, Viorica, ed. Short Story Theories: a Twenty-First-Century Perspective. Rodopi, 2012.  
• Schaub, Michael. “Memory And Loss Haunt The Stories In 'The Refugees'.” National Public Radio. February 9, 2017. 
• Smith, Jennifer. The American Short Story Cycle. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. 
• Todd, Mabel Loomis, ed. The Letters of Emily Dickinson, Volume I. Little, Brown and Company, 1906. 
• “Why People Like to Read.” Pew Research Center. April 5, 2012. 

From “Appreciating Literature You Don’t Like”

• Cassill, R.V. The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. W.W. Norton and Company, 1981.

From “Hemingway’s Iceberg Theory”

• Hemingway, Ernest. A Moveable Feast. 1964.
• Special thanks to Dennis Thompson for his encouragement and feedback on this section.

From “Chekov’s Gun” 

• Rayfield, Donald. Anton Chekov: a Life. Northwestern University Press, 2000. 

From “Literature and Social Justice”

• Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. The Story of Avis. 1877.
• Oppenheim, James. “Bread and Roses.” 1911.
• Special thanks to Brian Gillis, Melanie Kopacsi, and Sam Buehler for their feedback on this section and their own commitment to social reform.

From “The Literary Canon” 

• Gilbert, Sandra. “List, List, O List!” The American Scholar. August 14, 2014. 
• Handlin, David. “One Hundred Best American Novels, 1770 to 1985 (a Draft).” The American Scholar. July 16, 2014. 

From “Cultural Zeitgeist” 

• Katz, Josh. “‘Duck Dynasty’ vs. ‘Modern Family’: 50 Maps of the U.S. Cultural Divide.” The New York Times. December 27, 2016. 
• WITW Staff. “Literary Zeitgeist Reveals a Generation of Women Celebrating Midlife Reinvention.” Women in the World. May 10, 2019. 

From “An Introduction to Short Stories 1925-2000"

• May, Charles. “Why Short Stories Are Essential and Why They Are Seldom Read.” ResearchGate. January 2004.
• Stevenson, Randall. Modernist Fiction: An Introduction. University Press of Kentucky, 1992.

From “An Introduction to 21^st Century Short Stories”

• Adiseshiah, Siân. Twenty-First Century Fiction: What Happens Now. Palgrave MacMillian UK, 2013.

Short Story Credits for Stories to 1924. All stories retrieved March through June 2019. 

• All Ryunosuke Akutagawa’ stories from Collected Stories by Ryunosuke Akutagawa.
• All Ambrose Bierce stories are from The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Vol. II: In the Midst of Life: Tales of Soldiers and Civilians from Project Gutenberg. 
• All Willa Cather stories are from Americanliterature.com.  
• Anton Chekhov’s “The Cossack” is from The Tales of Chekhov, Volume 13, Love and Other Stories from Project Gutenberg. “The Lady with the Dog” is from The Lady with the Dog and Other Stories from Project Gutenberg. “The Bet” and “Vanka” are from Best Russian Short Stories from Project Gutenberg.  
• All Charles Chestnutt stories are from The Wife of his Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line, and Selected Essays from Project Gutenberg.  
• Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour” is from The Kate Chopin International Society. “The Storm” is from Americanliterature.com. “Desiree’s Baby” and “A Pair of Silk Stockings” are from The Awakening and Selected Short Stories from Project Gutenberg. 
• Stephen Crane’s “The Open Boat”, “The Men in the Storm” and “The Ominous Baby” are from The Open Boat and Other Stories from Project Gutenberg. “A Dark-Brown Dog” is from Americanliterature.com.  
• All Alice Dunbar-Nelson stories are from Americanliterature.com.  
• Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” is from Project Gutenberg. “When I was a Witch” and “Making a Living” are from The Forerunner, Volume 1 from Project Gutenberg. “If I were a Man” is from Pearson.  
• Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown” and “The Birthmark” are from Mosses from an Old Manse, and Other Stories from Project Gutenberg. "The Ambitious Guest” is from Little Masterpieces, by Nathaniel Hawthorne from Project Gutenberg. “The Maypole of Merry Mount” is from Twice Told Tales from Project Gutenberg. 
• Sarah Orne Jewett’s “The White Heron” and A Business Man” are from A White Heron and Other Stories. “The White Rose Road” and “Decoration Day” are from Americanliterature.com.
• Jack London’s “A Piece of Steak”, “All Gold Canyon” and “To Build a Fire” are from Americanliterature.com. “The Law of Life” is from https://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~ehrlich/343/london_law_of_life.htm. 
• All Katherine Mansfield stories are from Americanliterature.com.
• All Guy de Maupassant stories are from Americanliterature.com. 
• Edgar Allan Poe’s “Ligeia,” “The Masque of the Red Death” and “The Tell-Tale Heart” are from The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, Volume II from Project Gutenberg. “The Fall of the House of Usher” is from The Fall of the House of Usher from Project Gutenberg. 
• All Mark Twain stories are from Americanliterature.com.  
• All Edith Wharton stories are from Americanliterature.com.  
• All Zitkala-Sa stories are from the University of Pennsylvania’s Celebration of Women Writers.  

Source Credits from the Authors’ Biographies

• “Ryūnosuke Akutagawa information from Arita, Eriko. “Ryūnosuke Akutagawa in Focus.” The Japan Times. March 18, 2012. Encyclopedia Britannica: Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, The Short Story Project: Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
• Ambrose Bierce information from American Literature: Ambrose Bierce. Poetry Foundation: Ambrose Bierce. The Ohio History Center: Ambrose G. Bierce.
• Willa Cather information from The National Willa Cather Center: About Willa Cather. American Literature: Willa Cather. Ahearn, Amy. “Willa Cather: Longer Biographical Sketch.” The Willa Cather Archive.
• Anton Chekhov information from Bradford, Wade. “Anton Chekhov.” Thought.Co. Encyclopedia Britannica: Anton Chekhov. American Literature: Anton Chekhov.
• Charles Chesnutt information from The Ohio History Center: Charles Chesnutt. Documenting the American South: Charles Waddell Chesnutt. American Literature: Charles Chesnutt.
• Kate Chopin information from The Kate Chopin International Society: Kate Chopin, Her Novels and Stories. American Literature: Kate Chopin. Documenting the American South: Kate Chopin.
• Stephen Crane information from American Literature: Stephen Crane. Poetry Foundation: Stephen Crane. Encyclopedia Britannica: Stephen Crane.
• Alice Dunbar-Nelson information from Poetry Foundation: Alice Dunbar-Nelson. Poets.Org: Alice Dunbar-Nelson. Modern American Poetry: Alice Dunbar-Nelson.
• Charlotte Perkins Gilman information from Harvard University Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study: Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Literary Ladies Guide: Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Encyclopedia Britannica: Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
• Nathaniel Hawthorne information from American Literature: Nathaniel Hawthorne. Encyclopedia Britannica: Nathaniel Hawthorne. Poetry Foundation: Nathaniel Hawthorne.
• Sarah Orne Jewett information from American Literature: Sarah Orne Jewett. Encyclopedia Britannica: Sarah Orne Jewett. Literary Ladies Guide: Sarah Orne Jewett.
• Jack London information from American Literature: Jack London. Encyclopedia Britannica: Jack London. Jack London State Historic Park: Jack London: A Brief Biography.
• Katharine Mansfield information from Poetry Foundation: Katharine Mansfield. Encyclopedia Britannica: Katharine Mansfield. The Katharine Mansfield Society: Timeline.
• Guy de Maupassant information from American Literature: Guy de Maupassant. Encyclopedia Britannica: Guy de Maupassant. BBC: Remembering de Maupassant.
• Edgar Allan Poe information from The Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore: Information about Edgar Allan Poe. Poetry Foundation: Edgar Allan Poe. Encyclopedia Britannica: Edgar Allan Poe.
• Mark Twain information from Mark Twain: Biography. Poetry Foundation: Mark Twain. Encyclopedia Britannica: Mark Twain.
• Edith Wharton information from The Mount: Edith Wharton, A Biography. The Edith Wharton Society: Biography. Encyclopedia Britannica: Edith Wharton.
• Zitkala-Ša information from National Park Service: Zitkala-Ša. Henderson, Melessa Renee; Curtright, Lauren. Gertrude Bonnin -- Zitkala-Ša. Voices from the Gaps. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. Encyclopedia Britannica: Zitkala-Ša.

Source Credits for Chapter 3 Author Images

• From Wikipedia: Rynosuke Akutagawa, Ambrose Bierce, Willa Cather, Charles Chesnutt, Kate Chopin, Stephen Crane, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Nathaniel Hawthrone, Sarah Orne Jewett, Jack London, Katharine Mansfield, Guy de Maupassant, Edith Wharton and Zitkala-Sa.
• Purchased from Shutterstock: Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain and Anton Chekhov.

Image Credits from the Cleveland Museum of Art

All images are licensed as Creative Commons (CCO 1.0).

• Cover image: “The Deluge” (1893) by Charles Guilloux.
• Chapter 1 – Introduction: “The Fancy Goods Store” (1902) by Alexandre Lunois.
• Chapter 2 – Key Concepts: "The Siesta.” (c. 1890-1920) by Albert Besnard.
• Chapter 3 – Short Stories to 1924: “Storm in the Mountains” (1847) by Frederic Edwin Church.
• Chapter 4 – Short Stories 1925-2000: “Fifth Avenue Nocturne” (1895) by Childe Hassam.
• Chapter 5 – 21^st Century Short Stories: “Be in Love and You Will Be Happy” (approx. 1895) by Paul Gauguin.
• Chapter 6 – Literary Terms - “Study, North Conway, New Hampshire” (1851) by David Johnson.
• Chapter 7 – Literary Theories: “The Music Party” (1875) by Elihu Vedder.
• Chapter 8 – Credits and Sources: “Bastille Day” (1892) by Maurice Prendergast.